Ethnocentrism Tendency Essay

Ethnocentrism is the tendency to believe that one’s ethnic or cultural group is centrally important, and that all other groups are measured on one’s own cultural value. Ethnocentrism happens when one culture or nation places itself at the top of a self proclaimed hierarchy of cultures and nations and subsequently assigns other cultures and nations equivalent or lower value based on that scale. In other words, it is the proneness to think other cultures are of lesser worth because it is different from one’s own culture. Ethnocentrism helps to keep a culture from changing because it forces a culture to keep the same values and to be stubborn. If one culture bases other cultures off of their own hierarchy scale, then they are less likely to be open to accept changes that other cultures may have or want to bring to them because of the importance their own values and traditions. Cultural or ethnic groups develop traditions as a way to guide their population and to give guidelines in life. If one’s culture changes, then it may dismantle the entire society, causing confusion and chaos. For example, in the film, Dishonorable Killings: Punishing the Innocent, a man, who killed his own sister, explained that in his culture, family honor is extremely important because it represents the family as a whole in the community; it is more important than life. When a member, particularly a woman, dishonors the family, it shames the family and forces them to get rid the disgrace by killing her. Ethnocentrism can be both positive and negative for a cultural or ethnic group. It can be in a positive light because taking pride in beliefs and traditions elevates unity and solidarity among groups’ members, and it also strengthens the self-identity and self-esteem for individuals within those groups. It can also help societies establish and reinforce guidelines and expectations among coexisting people in all areas of the community. These expectations give societies the order and structure to hold them together, helping them run smoothly and allowing them to thrive. A negative view of ethnocentrism are the assumptions based on individuals’ own perception, that what works for them must work for others and that if it doesn’t, something is necessarily wrong, can cause harm, offense,  ill-feelings or otherwise put a damper on further relations between different societies. It could also cause oppression, prejudice, and cultural degradation, which can lead to actions ranging from conformity to violent protest.

Business Documents Essay

English editing (or re-writing) can cause discomfort, because it often reveals hidden weaknesses in the original document. But companies willing to accept the treatment and put in any work necessary will produce a document that shines. By turning existing, long-winded and inaccessible text into clear writing, plain English can shine an uncomfortably bright light on flaws in the original content that would otherwise remain unnoticed. The reality is that in many businesses, a lot of very talented and experienced professionals can spend an awful lot of time doing fantastic research and work only to produce a document that fails dismally to do them credit. Why do all that work if the final report, which may be so critical, simply isn’t fit for purpose? Companies and organisations are increasingly recognising that the reports they produce need to read clearly. They recognise that the text needs to be in plain English. The author is not the reader. Putting the text through the plain English editing process can polish text until it shines with clarity. That’s great if the bones of the report, the facts and figures and findings etc, are already solid. But sometimes, the editing process itself can throw up uncomfortable questions. It reveals flaws in original document, highlights waffle, questions in-house jargon, and draws attention to unsubstantiated claims. And that’s when a businesses’ true grit shows. ‘Your editing highlighted the fact that there were holes in just about every paragraph,’ one client told me. ‘The plain English showed us just how many gaps we need to fill before we can send the report to our client. ’

Amtrak Tech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Amtrak Tech - Essay Example In the recent years, there has been a vast progress in the field of technology. The command of technology on economic development has emerged to be inevitable all over the international arena. Technology of a company consists of two basic types of technologies, i.e. hard and soft technologies which are categorized on the basis of the sources. For instance, the sources of technologies which are identified to be education oriented, system oriented, and network oriented can be referred as soft technologies. Soft technologies can be categorized according to its application field also. In the similar context, hard technologies are categorized as those which are developed with the application of natural science and are allied with the physical world (Jin, 2002). Both ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ technologies are used for managing the teams of launched national as well as global products in Amtrak Tech. Hard technology deals with the electronic means used in the communication process that focuses on making use of fax machines, computers, digital coders and decoders along with various defense equipments; whereas, soft technology is the logical technology that surrounds an individual such as technological intelligences along with institutional mechanisms possessed by its employees worldwide (Amtrak Technologies, n.d.). However, it is worth mentioning that there are a few barriers that affect the technology implementations in Amtrak Tech. Lack of vision is often regarded as the first barrier where the company fails to adopt new technologies from a futuristic point of view. It is in this context that leadership quality needs to be maintained at a regular basis. Inadequate availability of the required funds can also be identified as an important barrier to technology. Hence, Amtrak Tech should always check for the availability of funds in order to grow towards technology advancements. The infrastructure of the company is also quite important in this respect. There

GENDER AND POLITENESS IN AN ESL LANGUAGE ACADEMIC CONTEXT Research Paper - 1

GENDER AND POLITENESS IN AN ESL LANGUAGE ACADEMIC CONTEXT - Research Paper Example There are several ways in which members of a particular gender express themselves politely. Globally, there are various ways of expressing oneself be it with his/her peers or the elderly, or the use jargon depending on the context, the consideration of all these elements boils down to the varied linguistic expressions of politeness by both males and females Linguistics is the study of language. Language is the total whole of meanings and sound. It is the mode of communication between genders and thus for there to be a sense of politeness in an academic context, the following must be addressed. The context of a school setting is that of a teacher, student and other non teaching staff and due to the different backgrounds students have, the expression of politeness varies between the male and female students Literature review According to (Wehmeier, 2000) politeness are defined as having respect and good manners in consideration of the feelings of others. The theory of linguistic polite ness by Brown and Levinson holds that the individuals face is interpreted as self image seen publicly. (Grundy, 2008) notes that the faces of human beings are properties comparable to self esteem. (Kitamura, 2000) notes that the face notion is classified into two, that is the positive and the negative. On one hand, the positive face represents the similarities that exist between people interacting and appreciate each other’s self image while on the other hand; the negative face represents the desire to be unrestricted. These theorists argue that interact ants mutually aim to maintain each other’s face. (Holmes, 2006) notes that ideally, one can never know what people are feeling or thinking in a conversation, thus try to construe what is conveyed to them through communication For the sake of harmony in a given society, politeness strategy is essential and thus employed in conversations. This is so as (Bowe & Martin, 2007) note that face can be maintained, lost, enhance d and monitored during interactions. According to (Bowe & Martin, 2009) citing Brown and Levinson, the face is threatened by inappropriate behavior or acts. (Holmes, 2006) points out that this situation is assessed through three operational defined factors: the social distance (D) between partners, the ranking of the imposition (R) shared in the word of the appropriate culture and the power (P) of the addressee over the speaker. The seriousness of these acts therefore can be easily measured and assessed. With regard to gender, it argues that women are linguistically more polite than the men. The use of minimal responses like yeah and mhm demonstrates active participation, agreement and therefore used by both sexes. The use of questions for men, normally, it is genuine while for women it’s more of a rhetoric question and therefore use it more for conversation’s sake, with regard to writing, both use it as a literacy tool. In conversation, meaning is determined by the pe rson listening depending on his/her concerns, focus and habits rather than the will intended for. Women seem to attach more weight to the significance of listening rather than men. The use of verbal aggressiveness is used more so by women and physical aggression is used more by men. The issue of self

Assignment ( Crappy Professor) Module 6 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

( Crappy Professor) Module 6 - Assignment Example b. Step 2: Examine the difficulties that are existing in the situation (Chapter 9 Power Point, 2015). In this step, the administrator has to classify the problem and two main mistakes to get the facts. c. Step 3: Come up with a criteria that gives a satisfactory outcome. In this step the administrator has to identify what is good, the musts and the wants, the conditions existing and the minimum aims to achieve (Chapter 9 Power Point, 2015). d. Step 4: Come up with an action plan or strategy. In this stage it is important for the administrator not to make an ineffective decisions. It is also important not to make decisions that others are likely to make. In my opinion, administrators must satisfice because when they optimize, the solution to the problem that they identify does not necessarily provide a feasible solution. Hence, the administrator has to satisfice and come up with the problem to satisfice. Yes, the garbage-can model is useful despite its name. Under this model, one knows that they have made the right decision when the solution matches with the problem at hand. Administrators also have the chance of scanning the problems and opportunities that help in their job (Chapter 9 Power Point, 2015). The only problem is that the model operates on the assumption that decisions are reliant on the chances that occur and not on choices the administrator makes. Values are a part of decision-making because they are the key to motivating a person. When a person is motivated and not stressed, it becomes easier to make the right decisions which people can use in attaching their meaning and importance to things (Hellriegel, 2008). I would use my values to negotiate or use persuasion before arriving into final decisions. I would use my positive personal values to determine the outcomes that I set for myself and the decisions I would make to achieve these outcomes. The other issue is whether the

Enron Corporation Position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Enron Corporation Position - Essay Example The paper starts by giving a brief synapse of what Enron was and what the Enron Scandal was and why it caused the downfall of Enron. The paper will also discuss the ethical considerations of what Enron did to its investors and take a position on whether it was okay to sell stocks on what you believe will be the expected dividends. Enron was a company based in Houston and it specialised in commodities, energy and service corporation. The company was rocked by a scandal in 2001 and this was recorded as one of the biggest scandals of the century as a result of the fact that shareholders lost $74 billion and thousands of employees and investors lost their retirement accounts, and many employees lost their jobs (The ten worst corporate financial scandals of all time, nd). The main players in this particular scandal included the CEO Jeff Skilling and former CEO Ken Lay who kept huge debts off the balance sheet. In other words, the figure presented on the balance sheet revealed normal operations of the company which did not raise any suspicion among the investors. They also hoodwinked the investors by overstating their profits so as to attract many investors to pour in money into the company. However, things turned nasty when Sherron Watkins the internal whistle blower exposed them after witnessing high stock prices that fuelled external suspicions. Upon full investigation of the case, the main culprits were convicted of a criminal offence and the CEO was sentenced for 24 years and his partner in crime Lay died before his serving time. Andersen was also found guilty of fudging the company’s accounts. After the company was rocked by this scandal, it filed for bankruptcy. From an ethical perspective, it can be noted that what Enron did to its investors was not good especially to sell stocks on what you believe will be the expected dividends. The investors were not fully aware of the underhand dealings taking place behind

Gender And Politeness In An ESL Language Academic Context Research Proposal

Gender And Politeness In An ESL Language Academic Context - Research Proposal Example However, politeness in every societal setting has a distinct relationship with gender based on how a person perceives the other ought to behave and respond. This greatly varies across individuals based on their respective cultural norms, which influences on how one ought to respond and react in varied situations when interacting or conversing with a person of a different gender. Hence, bringing in the long acknowledged aspects of superiority and inferiorly that characterize gender in every societal setting whereby females assume the lower â€Å"ranks† compared to their male counterparts. Consequently, this depicts itself also in linguistic politeness whereby the informed parties bear varying utterances that if not addressed well may end up irritating other people (Bell, Arnold, Haddock, 2009). Since, what may be acceptable in a certain societal setting may be wrong in the other. This is especially in a multilingual class setting, which is the main context chosen for this study to focus on interactions among peers and student-teacher relationship based on culture as well as one’s gender (Bacha, Bahous & Diab, 2012).

Women and Economics during Colonial America and Before and After Essay

Women and Economics during Colonial America and Before and After American Revolution - Essay Example Women in colonial America were suffering tremendously. In the simplest of words, women in early America worked as caretakers of the family, workers in the house and responsible of creating and looking after the home: homemakers. They were not allowed to vote and had little or no chance of attaining an education. Often these women included "indentured servants", these were the migrants who had been allowed a passage into the American colonies. They were forced to work without pay until their contracts, with the individual who paid for their entry, expired. Thus, most of the woman's role was centered at home. If the husband was a farmer or owner of a plantation she could work alongside him on the land. As most of the woman's job centered on child-birth a large amount of her time would be spent in taking care of the children. This included cooking. She had to tend to her own animals, grow her own fruit and vegetables and cook with the limited resources provided by the male member of the house. Candles, soap thread, cloth and clothing (WE)1 were a luxury that had to be produced by the woman herself. Even the most affluent of families had women involved in acts like taking care of the house and cooking for the family. For instance, the characteristics of the society in New York were different to that of other colonies. It consisted of what appears to be a "feudal lord" of today. However, even these women had little to do but sit and sew or knit. She had to tend to her own animals, grow her own fruit and vegetables and cook with the limited resources provided by the male member of the house. Candles, soap thread, cloth and clothing (WE)2 were a luxury that had to be produced by the woman herself. The worse bit of American colonization came during the witch-hunts. The aggrieved Christian colonists needed a reason to explain their defeat at the hands of the "heathen" Indians. Women were the perfect victims to take the blame. In a conservative culture where women had a set and fixed role in the household and society, it was unacceptable for women to break the norms. Thus, if any woman dared to venture outside her prescribed role, the immediate consequence in that time was to blame her alien behavior on mysterious causes: witch-craft. (WE)3 . Despite the limited education, a desire to satisfy physical needs made women proficient at running economically sound households. Women understood the concept of maintaining healthy networks with other females. They adopted the concept of barter with fellow neighbors, friends and relatives. As mentioned previously, women were not educated thus the best teachers were the ones who had served the role of wife themselves. These women taught their own daughters and often took in other young girl students who managed the house in exchange for the skills they performed during this practice. The only job acceptable to women of that time was that of midwife. Though a number of women died in child-birth because very few females had the professional skills needed to carry out proper birth. This occupation was held in the highest respect. The payment was generally in the form of

Early Childhood Education- The High Scope Curriculum Research Paper - 2

Early Childhood Education- The High Scope Curriculum - Research Paper Example Of the entire curriculums one of the most effective and efficient process is that using the High Scope Curriculum (HighScope, 2009). This report will deal with analyzing the benefits and drawbacks of the High Scope Curriculum and based on the discussion the effectiveness of the approach will be analyzed. The High Scope Curriculum approach has been developed and refined over the last forty years and this method provides numerous strategies and techniques that can be utilized to assist children at the early stages to become problem solvers and independent thinkers (YMCA, 2009). The approach was originally developed and introduced to assist and serve the children ‘at risk’ in the Michigan area (YMCA, 2009). A research had been conducted by David Weikart, the Director of Special Services to assess the reasons for the number of children failing in school. The research brought out results that highlighted the need for early intervention and using the theories of Jean Piaget, he discovered the need for early introduction of ‘Active learning’ (YMCA, 2009). The High Scope Curriculum involves a high degree of active learning throughout the program. The curriculum includes a few early age indicators like the need and initiative of the children to learn new things by asking questions and looking for answers and also trying to solve problems. These steps form the key development indicators for the growth and development of the children and help the educators to develop and design better active learning programs for the children (High/Scope Educational Research Foundation, 2009). The High Scope Curriculum also takes into account the knowledge and the strengths of the children by exposing them to a wide range of learning experiences and also providing them with opportunities to learn things that interest them and learn based on experience. Also the High Scope educators allow the

Immigration from Africa to Europe Research Paper

Immigration from Africa to Europe - Research Paper Example In the recent time, labor migrants and asylum seekers have shaped migration to these countries. For many centuries, Europe was a leading contributor of migration to other places. This was the case from 1500 to 1800. In contrast, migration from other places to Europe was limited. This was the case until the First World War as only few of Amerindians, Africans, and Asians moved to Europe due to lack of money (Emmer and Lucassen 1). Others were restricted by immigration restrictions, especially those restricting migrants from the colonies. In Europe, there were fewer barriers to immigrants. This moved to other areas to check for business and investments opportunities. This gave them opportunity to increase their income and their life expectancy, at least in non-tropical countries (Emmer and Lucassen 1). In some European countries, they developed legal instruments that enabled citizens without savings to migrate to other continents. These forms of assistance were not available to non-Eur opeans. For this reasons, most of the non-Europeans only came to Europe as slaves. In the southern part of Europe, slaves were available due to the Arab congest. On the other hand, slaves in North-Western Europe were the one who accompanied their masters when visiting Europe. This paper seeks to explore on immigration from Africa to Europe. ... In addition, the Italian cities employed slaves from the eastern part of Europe in their countries and colonies (Emmer and Lucassen 1). The demand of slaves continued to increase than before, as more sugarcane was grown. As a result, African salves began to replace slaves from the east due to growth of Turkey blocked the regular slave trade routes. The other factor that contributed their attention to Africa was because the Muslims and Christians prisoners of war were no longer available. This prompted thousands of African slaves brought to Portugal, Spain, and Sicily, where they worked as domestic slaves or artisans and in agriculture (Emmer and Lucassen 1). Hundreds of thousand Africans moved to Europe in the 16th century. Other Africans were forced to grow sugar canes in Southern Spain and Portugal (Emmer and Lucassen 1). Moreover, a few Africans were brought to Europe through the new world; some of them had been born in the America. These immigrants were accompanying their master while they retained their slave place in Europe. In the middle of the 18th century, London had about 15,000 Africans (Emmer and Lucassen 1). However, at this time the numbers of Africans in Europe were small. Some of the abandoned slaves fought successful legal battles not to be taken back to West Indies. These legal cases established that forced migration had no legal basis in British law. On the other hand, Dutch and French laws did not recognize slavery, and this made it difficult for slave masters to move to these countries accompanied by their slaves (Emmer and Lucassen 1). The end of the 18th century saw few non-Europeans relocate to Europe due to the end of slavery. The migration to Europe rose significantly in the 20th century. The

Catholic form of Christianity Essay Example for Free

Catholic form of Christianity Essay The Eastern Orthodox form of Christianity and the Roman Catholic form of Christianity as said to differ on many fundamental issues. Most individuals, in attempting to distinguish between Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism, immediately just cite that the differences are in the Pope or Purgatory or even sometimes the filioque. Historically, however, the differences are far more numerous and quite profound. The first fundamental difference between these two religions is on the issue of the fall of man. Roman Catholicism teaches that all humanity is liable for their original sin and that all men are born with â€Å"original sin†. The implications of Adam and Eve’s banishment from the Garden of Eden in the Roman Catholic Faith are that man is born with original sin and nothing more, unlike the beliefs of the Eastern Orthodox, who believe that when Adam sinned against God, he introduced death into the world. The fall of Adam or the fall of man in the view of the Eastern Orthodox form of Christianity signifies the mortality of man and that death highlights the passions in man such as anger, hate, lust and greed which are borne out of the realization of death. Roman Catholicism ignores the Orthodox conception of man as slave to death and instead believes that man’s passions are manipulated by the devil. Another fundamental difference between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism is on the issue regarding the interpretations of canons. In the Roman Catholic faith, canons are rules or guides for governing The Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Catholic Church also continually evolves these canons by introducing new ones or revising them to suit the needs of the changing times and cultures. The Eastern Orthodox does not regard these canons as laws, which regulate human relationships or secure human rights. The Orthodoxy views canons as the means of forging the new man or new creature through obedience. Canons are trainings in virtue that are meant to produce holiness. While the Roman Catholic Church, as previously mentioned, currently updates the canons and discards the old ones, the Eastern Orthodox Church Orthodoxy never discards the old ones because of their belief that those cannons were also inspired by the Holy Spirit. Arguably, the most important fundamental difference between the Eastern Orthodox and the Roman Catholic forms of Christianity is in the manner of knowing the existence of God. The Eastern Orthodox faith believes that man’s knowledge of God is intrinsic in his nature. Man is born with the knowledge of God because it is inherent in human nature and that is how man knows that God truly exists. This belief also holds that man’s knowledge of God is fixed in nature and man cannot know anything more about the truths of God unless God chooses to reveal this to man. This belief is contrary to the Roman Catholic belief that God’s existence is constantly known, felt and verified by an examination of the other things that God has created in this world. Human reason, as the Roman Catholic Church believes, is capable of knowing and proving the existence of God. Man is capable of beholding the essence of God with his intellect and with the assistance of grace. The Eastern Orthodox Church therefore believes that God’s existence is already known to man by his nature while the Roman Catholic Church establishes the existence of God through man’s use of reason. These Three (3) fundamental differences, fall of man, canons and proof of God’s existence, differentiate what seem to be similar if not identical branches of Christianity. But as many have said, it really does not matter how you worship and revere God in so much as you follow the truths in life such as charity, love, peace and respect for all of mankind.

Comparison Othello Play And Film English Literature Essay

Comparison Othello Play And Film English Literature Essay This paper considers the similarities and differences between two versions of Othello; the play itself, and the 1995 film version directed by Oliver Parker. The plot remains the same, as do the characters, and the setting as Parker chooses to film it as the original time period and locations. Parker does however update it in other ways, and those updates are what provide some of the differences between the two. The areas in which the play and film differ are: the interpretation of the character Iago; the use of fantasy sequences; and the fact that Parker adaptation has cut much of the text. The first is probably the one of greatest importance. Rather than altering the story the director effectively employs his cinematic  Ã‚  tools to convey the depth of emotion and conflict experienced by both Othello and Iago.  Ã‚  The use of dream sequencing makes Othellos agony over the proposed affair tangible and accessible to the audience in a way that his monologue in the play is unable to achieve.  Ã‚  Similarly, Iagos direct and menacing soliloquies with the audience via the camera conveys his Machiavellian intentions to destroy Othello with much more meaning. The film begins by showing the secrecy of the marriage between Othello and Desdemona. They marry at night and when all are sleeping. Also scenes of them kissing as Othello tells of his feelings for her to the Senators. This scene helps build upon the passionate love felt between Othello and Desdemona. It also allows us to see his arrogance in his status and deserving of Desdemona. You see how his confidence and pride are what he identifies himself with. But the expression of Iagos feeling toward Othello in the film are very similar as to the book version expression of it. I hate the Moor is clear enough, but Iago is alone when he says it, so he doesnt reveal the depth of his loathing to anyone. However, in the plays very first scene Roderigo says Thou toldst me thou didst hold him in they hate to which Iago replies Despise me if I do not (Othello. 1.1). We dont see this in the film. In the film however, we see the how when Iago is coming up with his plan to destroy Othello he uses ch ess pieces. Once he has devised his plan to use Cassio as the pawn, he situates the black King and white Queen pieces as and inserts a White Knight in between the two. This shows his mischievous nature developing as the fireplace in the background and use of lightening helps to build the feeling of his wickedness. All the while you see how he is everyones friend and so helpful. And then again peeling a fruit with his dagger watching Cassio and Desdemona and uttering detestable words. Honest Iago he is called by Othello, as he hugs him and looks into the camera with an expression of I just fooled him. This difference in the split personality if you will, is much easier felt in the film with his facial expressions and the music that is played in the background. You also see the use of armour and horses that illustrate how honourably and noble Othello is. He comes across as being so brave as they win the Turks. This help set up the disbelief felt as you see Othello engulfed by weakness of pride and naivety. Other changes include the overt sexuality displayed by Laurence Fishburne, who shares a fairly explicit sex scene with Irene Jacob, his Desdemona. In the play it seems the two have not had much time together and the relationship seems very chaste; here it is sexually charged. The movie continues to show scenes of Othello and Desdemona having intercourse. This is I believe a way to modernize the version to appeal to another audience. That sexuality also comes into play in the use of the fantasy sequences in which Othello dreams of finding Desdemona and Cassio together in bed. This never happened in the play-they are both entirely innocent-but in the film, Othello is dreaming and we see what he sees: the camera shows us Desdemona, nude, from the back; as she sits up and turns around, she reveals Cassio who is looking up in surprise. Then Othello sits up in bed, sweat pouring down his face, and we realize hes had a nightmare. In using these fantasy sequences, Parker has given concrete f orm to Othellos worst fears. This is precisely what he is afraid of, that Desdemona doesnt really love him and has taken Cassio as her lover. By showing us the couple, the affair begins to seem less like an impossibility; we see that such a thing might actually happen, particularly as Desdemona is kind and Cassio is young. However, Shakespeare makes it clear that although Cassio cares for Desdemona, he would never overstep the bounds; and although she is fond of him, her great love is Othello. We see how Desdemonas respect for Cassio is interpreted by Othello as something deeper. However, having the visual image of the two of them before his eyes makes Othellos fears and obsession take on a real shape. He is no longer suspicious of something he cannot describe, he has seen it in his dreams, and as he broods on these visions, he becomes easier and easier for Iago to manipulate. All too real then Othello remembers what Desdemonas father said to him. She has deceived her father, and may thee. That is all the confirmation he needs to begin the real consideration that this may be real. Parkers inclusion of the fantasy scenes gives an extra dimension to the story. We see how Othello is agonizing over the possibility that Desdemona has fooled him. As the movie progresses and we see the use of the handkerchief, the building up of the search for the truth is being blinded by what Othello is using to confirm his fantasies. Iagos manipulation of the handkerchief is the turning point in the film as well as in the play. The film illustrate the intensity of the trance and epilepsy Othello is feeling as he see Bianca give the handkerchief to Cassio. But when Emilia give Iago the handkerchief there is a difference from the play version. In the play, Iago simple takes it from Emilia as he walks in after Desdemona and Othello leave the room. However, in the film she brings it to him in bed and when he discovers she has taken it he is aroused. He is ready to perform but stops to give his soliloquy on how this with seal the deal. He smells it, then throws it up in the air. The scene changes to Cassio looking out the window as the handkerchief falls into his hands. These differences in how the handkerchief is used illustrate the progression of Iagos plan. The passing on from one sequence of a plan to the next. passion that became too intense and became the ultimate crime of passion.

Reaction Time And Energy Drinks

Reaction Time And Energy Drinks This extended essay is an investigation into reaction times in males and females and how they were affected by Red Bull. The research question was How significant is the reduction in reaction time due to drinking Red Bull, in males as compared to females between the ages of 16-17. To answer this, a simple experiment was carried out to obtain the necessary data. The ruler drop test was conducted using a group of 20 subjects (10 male and 10 female). The reaction times of the subjects before and after drinking Red Bull were then calculated using the results from the ruler drop test and the formula t = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡(2d /a). The mean data was then analysed using the T-Test to see how significant the difference in reaction time was before and after drinking Red Bull. This revealed that even though reaction times in males reduced after consumption of Red Bull, the reduction was not significant. Female subjects showed greater decreases in reaction time after drinking Red Bull even though on average their reaction times were slower than male reaction time. The T-Test showed that in females there was a significant difference in reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull. Finally the mean reductions in reaction time for both males and females were compared using the T-test, which revealed that there was a significant difference in male and female reductions in reaction time. This leads to the conclusion that between the ages of 16- 17, Red Bull only significantly reduces reaction time in females and not in males. Introduction Research Question How significant is the reduction in reaction time due to intake of Red Bull, in males as compared to females between the ages of 16-17. It gives you wings this is the slogan for Red Bull, a popular energy drink. The slogan suggests that Red Bull improves ones overall performance. Reaction time is one of the physical attributes affected by Red Bull. I wanted to investigate Red Bulls effect on reaction time and evaluate whether Red Bull really does give you wings. Reaction time is the time taken to respond to any given stimulus. The better the reaction time, the less it is. Fast reactions are useful in many situations, for instance avoiding another car whilst driving, catching a falling glass and even in sport. Previous research into reaction time has found that Males and females generally have different reaction times with females unfortunately having slower average times. (Der and Deary, 2006). Energy Drinks are beverages that have a boosting or stimulating effect. They are often advertised as performance enhancing, with improvements in alertness and reaction time. Red Bull is probably the most prominent energy drink. The active ingredients in Red Bull include: Glucose, Taurine, Glucuronolacton, Inosital, Niacin, D-Pantothenol (Vitamin B5), Pyridoxine HCL (Vitamin B6), Vitamin B12 and Caffeine. (Further details in appendix ii.). These chemicals affect the bodys metabolic functions so that overall performance is enhanced. My approach was experimental in which the Ruler Drop Test (Coach, 1997) was used. Hypothesis I hypothesise that Red Bull will cause a decrease in reaction time in all subjects. This is due to the ingredients contained in the drink. Taurine and caffeine are the two ingredients that affect the speed of reaction most. Taurine improves nerve transmission; this means that movements made will be faster. Caffeine boosts adrenaline levels which makes one more alert and therefore more likely to respond faster. Thus, I expect reaction time to decrease in all subjects. I also hypothesise that the improvements in reaction time will be more significant in females as they generally have a smaller body mass meaning that the active ingredients in Red Bull will have more of an effect. Experiment Test Subject Selection It was important to make sure that the results from the experiment were as reliable as possible. To do this I had to choose test subjects (participants in the experiment) who were similar in age, athleticism and how frequently they take energy drinks. I decided to use subjects within the age range of 16-17 as this is the age range with the most people in my school and therefore there was a larger test subject range. I had to keep the ages similar because age was found to have an effect on reaction time. (Gorus et al., 2008) Generally reaction time decreases with age until a certain point where it begins to increase again. I wanted subjects who were similar in athleticism because people who are more athletic are more likely to have quicker reaction times than non-athletic people. (Levitt and Gutin., 1971) I also needed subjects who didnt take Red Bull as frequently. It was assumed that people who take energy drinks frequently may develop resistance to its effects. A questionnaire was used to identify the subjects that fit in with these criteria. It was given to 40 people out of whom 10 males and 10 females were selected using random sampling. Preparation of Subjects The test subjects had to be prepared before the experiment to ascertain that it was in fact the Red Bull that was affecting the subjects reaction time and not any other food. The Red Bull was administered an hour after break time. It was assumed that by this time all food (if any) would have been digested. This was important because the Red Bull has to be the only substance ingested prior to the experiment to make sure that the results obtained are from the effects of Red Bull and not any other food substance. Testing took place 10 minutes after consumption to give the active ingredients in the Red Bull enough time to be assimilated. Procedure The Ruler Drop Test was carried out using the following method. A ruler was held so that it was between the index finger and thumb of the subjects stronger hand. The top of the subjects thumb was kept in line with the zero centimetre line on the ruler. The subject then tried to catch the ruler after it was let go. The distance from the bottom of the ruler to the top of the subjects thumb was recorded. To improve reliability of the results the experiment was repeated again. It would be nearly impossible to manually record the time taken for someone to catch a dropped ruler because this happens very quickly. So to calculate the time taken (and thus reaction time) the following formula was used. t = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡(2d /a) This was derived from: d = vt +  ½at ² [11] d is Distance measured in (cm) v is Initial velocity which is zero a is Acceleration due to gravity this a constant value of 981cm/s ² t is Time measured in seconds (s) Data Collection The tables below show the results from the ruler drop test conducted on 9.7.2010. It shows the distances that the ruler travelled before it was caught by the subjects. The results before and after drinking Red Bull were recorded. The experiment was repeated twice to improve the reliability of the results. Trial 1 Trial 2 Males Females Males Females Subject number Distance Before Drinking Red Bull +/-0.05 (cm) Distance After Drinking Red Bull +/-0.05 (cm) Distance Before Drinking Red Bull +/-0.05 (cm) Distance After Drinking Red Bull +/-0.05 (cm) Distance Before Drinking Red Bull +/-0.05 (cm) Distance After Drinking Red Bull +/-0.05 (cm) Distance Before Drinking Red Bull +/-0.05 (cm) 1 16 13 16 9 9 6 12 2 15 14 15 17 12 8 9 3 5 9 30 17 7 5 17 4 8 9 22 11 8 5 13 5 15 11 18 12 6 7 15 6 12 7 19 19 10 7 11 7 6 7 15 11 9 8 16 8 14 8 17 10 11 6 10 9 7 6 14 12 5 8 12 10 14 17 14 10 13 15 15 Data Processing The raw data was processed to give the tables below. The values in red show anomalies, that is data that is erroneous and/or unexpected, in this case distances increasing after taking Red Bull and Reaction Time increasing after taking Red Bull. These values could be generated by an error in the data collection or an error in the experiment. They are therefore ignored when considering the significance. The tables below show the calculated reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull. Reaction times were calculated using the distances obtained from the experiments which were then substituted into the formula. t = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡(2d /a). The tables also show the difference in reaction time which is the reaction time after drinking Red Bull, subtracted by the reaction time before drinking Red Bull. This was done so that that the improvement in reaction time can be seen. Table (1.a) shows the data from the 1st repeat and table (1.b) shows data from the 2nd repeat and Table (2) shows the mean of both repeats. In this table, most of the errors disappear as the mean uses the data from both sets of repeats to show an average or trend. Examples: Calculating Reaction Time A subject catches the ruler at 16.0 cm without drinking Red Bull. The subject then catches the ruler at 13.0 cm after drinking Red Bull. The time taken for the subject to catch the ruler is worked out like this. Distance before taking Red Bull= 16.0 cm Formula: t = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡(2d /a) So 216.0= 32 32/981= 0.03262 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 0.03262= 0.18061 Therefore it took the subject 0.18061 seconds to catch the ruler before drinking Red Bull. Distance after taking Red Bull=13.0 cm 213.0= 26 26/981= 0.02650 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡0.02650= 0.16280 Therefore it took the subject 0.16280 seconds to catch the ruler after drinking Red Bull. Calculating Difference The subjects Reaction time before drinking Red Bull is 0.18061 seconds and the subjects reaction time after drinking Red Bull is 0.16280 seconds. To find the difference the subjects reaction time after drinking Red Bull is subtracted by the Reaction time before drinking Red Bull to give: -0.01781. In this example, the calculated difference in reaction time is negative. This shows that after drinking Red Bull, the subjects reaction time improved by -0.01781 seconds. Calculating the Mean In the second repeat of the experiment the subject catches the ruler at 9 cm before drinking Red Bull and then catches the ruler at 6cm after drinking Red Bull. The subject therefore gets these reaction times: Before drinking Red Bull: 0.13546 sseconds. After drinking Red Bull: 0.11060 seconds. The mean for reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull can be calculated, using the values from the 1st and 2nd repeats of the experiment. Mean reaction time before drinking Red Bull: 0.18061 + 0.13546= 0.31607 0.31607 / 2= 0.158035 seconds Mean reaction time after drinking Red Bull: 0.13546 + 0.11060= 0.24606 0.24606 / 2= 0.12303 seconds The mean shows a more reliable value from both repeats. Table (1.a): Table of results from the first trial of the experiment Trial 1 Males Females Subject number Reaction Time Before Drinking Red Bull (s) Reaction Time After Drinking Red Bull (s) Difference In Reaction Time +/- (s) Reaction Time Before Drinking Red Bull (s) Reaction Time After Drinking Red Bull (s) Difference In Reaction Time (s) 1 0.0058 0.0052 -0.00057 0.18061 0.13546 -0.04515 2 0.0056 0.0054 -0.00019 0.17487 0.18617 0.01129 3 0.0032 0.0043 0.0011 0.24731 0.18617 -0.06114 4 0.0041 0.0043 0.00025 0.21178 0.14975 -0.06203 5 0.0056 0.0048 -0.0008 0.19157 0.15641 -0.03515 6 0.005 0.0038 -0.00118 0.19681 0.19681 0 7 0.0035 0.0038 0.00028 0.17487 0.14975 -0.02512 8 0.0054 0.0041 -0.00132 0.18617 0.14278 -0.04338 9 0.0038 0.0035 -0.00028 0.16894 0.15641 -0.01253 10 0.0054 0.0059 0.00055 0.16894 0.14278 -0.02616 Table (1.b): Table of results from the first trial of the experiment Trial 2 Males Female Subject number Reaction Time Before Drinking Red Bull (s) Reaction Time After Drinking Red Bull (s) Difference In Reaction Time (s) Reaction Time Before Drinking Red Bull (s) Reaction Time After Drinking Red Bull (s) Difference In Reaction Time (s) 1 0.13546 0.1106 -0.02486 0.15641 0.17487 0.01846 2 0.15641 0.12771 -0.0287 0.13546 0.11946 -0.016 3 0.11946 0.10096 -0.0185 0.18617 0.16894 -0.01722 4 0.12771 0.10096 -0.02675 0.1628 0.13546 -0.02734 5 0.1106 0.11946 0.00886 0.17487 0.1628 -0.01208 6 0.14278 0.11946 -0.02332 0.14975 0.11946 -0.03029 7 0.13546 0.12771 -0.00775 0.18061 0.17487 -0.00574 8 0.14975 0.1106 -0.03915 0.14278 0.13546 -0.00733 9 0.10096 0.12771 0.02675 0.15641 0.14975 -0.00666 10 0.1628 0.17487 0.01208 0.17487 0.1628 -0.01208 Table (2): Table of mean values from trial 1 and trial 2 Trial 1 + Trial 2 2 Males Females Subject number Reaction Time Before Drinking Red Bull (s) Reaction Time After Drinking Red Bull (s) Difference In Reaction Time (s) Reaction Time Before Drinking Red Bull (s) Reaction Time After Drinking Red Bull (s) 1 0.0051 0.0044 -0.00065 0.16894 0.15641 2 0.0053 0.0048 -0.00052 0.15641 0.15641 3 0.0035 0.0038 0.00028 0.21888 0.17777 4 0.0041 0.0038 -0.00026 0.18889 0.14278 5 0.0047 0.0043 -0.00035 0.18341 0.15964 6 0.0048 0.0038 -0.00097 0.17487 0.1628 7 0.0039 0.0039 0 0.17777 0.1628 8 0.0051 0.0038 -0.00128 0.1659 0.13917 9 0.0035 0.0038 0.00028 0.1628 0.15312 10 0.0053 0.0058 0.00047 0.17194 0.15312 Data Analysis The first step in analysing the data is to compare the reaction times of males and females before and after drinking Red Bull separately using the mean values from table 2. This is done below: Graph (1.a): The graph (1.a) shows the comparison of the mean male reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull. The graph shows that generally the blue bar (Male Reaction Time before Drinking Red Bull) is higher than the red bar (Male Reaction Time After Drinking Red Bull) This suggests that Red Bull generally had the effect of reducing reaction time in males. Red Bull contains Taurine (see appendix ii) Taurine speeds up neural transmission, so nerve impulses are passed along through the nervous system much faster. This means that the time taken for the subjects hand to react to the stimulus (in this case the dropped ruler) is less. Another ingredient that probably affects reaction time most is caffeine. Caffeine blocks adenosine and boosts adrenaline levels. Adrenaline causes the heart rate to increase, the respiratory rate in the lungs to increase and muscle contraction all around the body. These are just some of the effects known as the fight or flight response. The overall effect is that you respond better to stimuli as the body is more alert. T Test The T-Test shows how significant the statistical difference between two values is. The T-Test determines the P-Value. In Biology the difference between the two values is considered statistically significant if the P value is below 0.05 If it is The Null hypothesis is therefore rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference in reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull in Males. Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant difference in reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull in males. For this T-Test I compared the mean values of reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull for males. I got a P-Value of 0.06626028. This is greater than 0.05 therefore the Null hypothesis has to be accepted. The T-Test suggests that with males, the difference in reaction time after drinking Red Bull is not significant because the P value (0.06626028) is greater than the standard critical value (0.05). Graph (1.b) The graph (1.b) shows the comparison of the mean female reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull. Again, the graph shows that generally the blue bar (Female Reaction Time after Drinking Red Bull) is higher than the red bar (Female Reaction Time Before Drinking Red Bull) This suggests that Red Bull generally had the effect of decreasing reaction time in females. This decrease is again due to the ingredients contained in Red Bull. Both taurine and caffeine affect the subjects system so that the speed of movement and response in increased. T-Test Another T-Test is carried out to find out how significant the difference in reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull in females is. Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference in reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull in Males. Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant difference in reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull in males. For this T-Test I compared the mean values of reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull for females. I got a P-Value of 0.00068587. This is less than 0.05 therefore the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. The T-Test suggests that the differences in the female reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull are very significant as the P value (0.00068587) is far below the standard critical value of 0.05. The final step in analyzing the data is to compare male and female change in reaction times. Graph (2) Graph (2) shows the Comparison of Male and Female reduction in reaction time. The pink plot points show the mean female difference in reaction time; whilst the blue plot points show the mean male difference in reaction time. The graph shows that generally mean male reduction in reaction times were much lower than the mean female reduction in reaction time. This suggests that females are affected more by Red Bull. Another observation that can be made from the graph also shows that the female data is more varied than the male data. However the data that was collected was too small to make any definite conclusions. T-Test A T-Test was carried out to find out how significant the difference in mean male and female difference in reaction time. Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between mean male and female difference in reaction time. Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between mean male and female difference in reaction time. In this T-Test I compared the mean values of difference in reaction time for both males and females. I got a P-Value of 0.001571698. This is less than 0.05 therefore the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. The T-Test suggests that there is a big significance in the difference between mean male and mean female difference in reaction times because the P value is much lower than the critical value of 0.05. Conclusion In general, reaction times decreased after drinking Red Bull in both males and females. Males generally had faster times females. However the T-Test shows that in males this difference is not significant whilst in females, it is quite significant. Further calculations showed that there was a significant difference between the reduction of reaction time in males and females. Females generally had greater reductions in reaction time. The data does not support the first hypothesis, which states that reaction time would decrease in all subjects after the consumption of Red Bull, as there were some instances where the reaction times worsened. These anomalies may have been due to error in the method however, and had no overall significance to the experiment as they were ignored. The data supports the final hypothesis, which states that Red Bull would improve reaction time more significantly in females. The results from the investigation show that females had a more significant reduction in reaction time after drinking Red Bull as compared to males. The reason for females being affected more by Red Bull is, Pound for pound females have less water in their bodies than men, so their body parts are more exposed to the active ingredients in Red Bull. This leads to the conclusion that between the ages of 16-17, Red Bull only significantly reduces reaction time in females and not in males. Evaluation There were some aspects of the experimental method that may have reduced the reliability of the data. When the ruler drop test was performed for the second time the subjects instead of improving reaction time as a result of drinking Red Bull may have naturally improved their reaction time through practice. Also the subjects knew that they were drinking Red Bull and that Red Bull is said to improve physical performance including reaction time. This again may have caused them to improve their times naturally through the psychological stimulation. There is no actual proof however that improvement in reaction time was due to practice. It is only a speculation. However if the subjects reaction times were improving as a result of practice then this would affect the data as Red Bull would not be the only factor improving reaction time. The best way to reduce the effect of this factor would be to carry out the experiment only once. This would reduce the reliability of the data as a mean of both experiments not would be possible to calculate but at the same time it would improve the reliability of the data as subjects would not be getting better with practice and it would be only the Red Bull affecting the subjects reaction time. I also could have set up another Ruler Drop Test experiment using a different set of subjects but replacing the Red Bull energy drink with a non energetic drink. The subjects however, would be told that they are having another brand of energy drink. This would test the thought of having an energy drink makes the subject expect to perform better and therefore actually improving their reaction time naturally. A second experiment using the same subjects could then be carried out using but using Red Bull. The results of the second experiment could then be compared with the results from the first experiment to further asses the significance improvement in reaction time due to Red Bull. Error Analysis 30 cm Ruler (cm) Absolute uncertainty +/- 0.05 Percentage Uncertainty % 0.25 Overall Uncertainty % 0.25 Appendix (i) Questionnaire How old are you: ____ 2. How Much Sport do you do? None Wednesday Clubs Only Barely Active Participation 3. Do You Take Energy Drinks Regularly: ______ 4. Are You Willing To Participate in this Experiment_____? Appendix (ii) Active ingredients in Red Bull: Glucose Glucose is a sugar. The body uses glucose in respiration to make energy. C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36ATP Glucose + Oxygen = Water + Carbon Dioxide + Energy. Redbull contains 5.25 g of glucose. Taurine Taurine is an amino acid that is usually made in the body. Each can of Red Bull contains 1000mg of Taurine. Taurine helps move minerals like potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium through the cells. This helps to generate nerve impulses therefore making neural transmission faster. Glucuronolacton Glucuronolacton is a chemical similar to taurine. It affects memory and concentration in the brain. It is known to have effects similar to anti-depressants and stimulants. Inosital Inosital is a chemical that has a mood boosting effect and it maximises the brains uses of a serotonin a chemical that is found in most anti-depressants. Niacin Niacin is a B vitamin that helps in energy formation. It metabolizes energy from fat and carbohydrates. Niacin can help the body use energy by releasing it from food. D-Pantothenol D-Pantothenol is also known as vitamin B5, or Pantothenic acid. It is known to improve mood and boost energy. D-Pantothenol help turn fat into energy and increases metabolism. Pyridoxine HCL Also known as Vitamin B6, Pyridoxine HCL helps red blood cells to form and provides better oxygen utilization. It also help to break down sugar that you have stored in your body to use for energy. Vitamin B12 B12 helps in the formation of red blood cells, for better oxygen utilization. It also help with energy production by breaking down fat and protein. Caffeine Red Bull contains 80.0 milligrams of caffeine which is almost double the amount of all other soft drinks. The caffeine in Red Bull gives you energy by blocking a chemical in your brain called adenosine. Adenosine promotes sleepiness and without it you would not be able to fall asleep. When adenosine is blocked you body releases a boost of adrenaline which wakes you up.

Essay examples --

Brandon Kour Date 2/12/2014 Mrs. Pohlonski 1st Hour A world of cloning Cloning use to be a thing of pure science fiction. Ever since the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep, was created by Dr. Ian Wilmut, scientists have been working on different techniques to clone animals and even humans. Scientist have developed several methods recently to clone animals. Harvesting Cells, Tissues, and Organs for cloning or later use advances scientists way to save lives and create the perfect baby. Cloning can be used in medicine, the revival of endangered species, cloning livestock, and even in drug production. Cloning for medical uses has the ability to benefit millions of people. First of all, with cloning you can clone animal models of disease. Most scientists that test the cause and effects of human diseases use mice as test subjects. Usually scientists introduce the disease to the animals for testing. However, giving the animals the disease requires a lot of trial and error. Cloning could significantly diminish the time needed to create these animal models and the outcome would be a community of genetically identical animals. In addition, scientist can use cloning to make stem cells. Stem cells are the building blocks of the body that maintain and repair the body throughout ones life. Stem cells can repair the body by themselves and can be used to repair or regenerate damaged organs or tissues. Some scientists are even looking at cloning as a way to create identical stem cells from the same human and help prevent heart attacks or strokes. If a stem cell is cloned that has a disease res earchers and scientist can understand the disease more and understand treatment. (Why Clone?, January 6, 2014) On June 11, 1993 a movie hit t... ...arize everything Harvesting Organs and tissues for cloning has many benefits. Whether its for Medical uses, Stem Cells, Bringing back extinct species, and Livestock cloning is definitely going to help us in the future. But until then the low success rates and the low survival rates will just have to continue. In Conclusion Cloning is truly a remarkable way to save lives,bring the back, and even fix them. REFERENCES APA format: Genetic Science Learning Center (2014, January 8) What are the Risks of Cloning?. Learn.Genetics. Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/cloningrisks/ APA format: Genetic Science Learning Center (2014, January 8) Why Clone?. Learn.Genetics. Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/whyclone/

Outlaw Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone Now Essay example -- Argument

Outlaw Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone Now    For a moment, put yourself in John Elway's shoes. Imagine getting paid thousands of dollars to do a milk promotion. Now, would you still do the promotion if you knew the milk had come from a cow injected with hormones? The use of rBGH, Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone, has become a concern in the dairy industry. The controversy is over whether or not the hormone is harmful to the cows and people. In animals and humans, there is a growth hormone produced. This protein hormone, produced in the pituitary gland, is fundamental for normal growth, development, and health maintenance. It was discovered sixty years ago that by injecting cows with GH, the growth hormone extracted from cattles' pituitary glands, milk production was increased. Using recombinant DNA processes, it became technically possible and economically feasible to produce an abundance of rBGH, which is essentially the same as pituitary derived bGH (Rachel. "Report..."). On November 5, 1993, the United States Food and Drug Administration, FDA, announced rBGH safe for use in milk cows. In February 1994, Monsanto, a chemical company, began selling its version of the drug to dairy farmers. Their form of the drug was to increase milk production by 5% to 20% (Rachel. "Hormones..."). The Consumers Union, an independent, nonprofit testing and information organization serving only consumers, made claims and presented evidence that byproducts of the hormone treatment are weighable in milk and are not safe for humans or the cow ("About..."). Today, the Consumers Union wants genetically engineered milk to be labeled so that milk consumers are able to make an informed choice about the milk they are purchasing (Rachel. "Ho... ...tp://www.enviroweb.org/issues/biotech/bgh/nogood.html, December 12, 2000. "Monsanto." Monsanto.com. [online], Available: http://www.monsanto.com/, December 13, 2000. Rachel. "Hormones in Milk: No Right to Know". RACHEL'S Hazardous Waste News #381. [online], Available: http://rachel.enviroweb.org/rhwn381.htm, March 17, 1994. Rachel. "Trouble with Milk." Milk. [online] Available: http://www.gn.apc.org/inquirer/milk.html, February 29, 1996. "Report on the Food and Drug Administration's Review of the Safety of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin." Report on the Food and Drug Administration's Review of the Safety of Recombinant BGH. [online], Available: http://www.biotechknowledge.com/showlib_us.php3?1308, January 21, 1999. "We're Starting a Food Fight!" Ben & Jerry's rBGH. [online], Available: http://www.benjerry.com/bgh/index.html#what, January 7, 1997.

The Mind of Someone Who Uses Drugs :: essays papers

The Mind of Someone Who Uses Drugs In the mind of someone who does drugs there is always a reason to take that hit of acid, that pill of ecstasy, that line of coke or that bump of crystal. Justification is a powerful tool of persuasion, it’s a manipulation tool that others can use on you but more commonly you use on yourself. You don’t have to go to work for ten hours and the acid trip will only last about seven hours so as long as you don’t go to sleep you’ll be fine. You’ll not sleep for twenty-four hours and you’ll be cracked out as all hell at work but hell, it’s worth it. Most people that do drugs will say that they have great will power and only do a drug when they know they have the time and energy. I have heard and said that phrase so many times. The more drugs you do the less will you have to say no and the easier it is for people to persuade you to take that pill with them. Friends don’t persuade you because they want you to be â€Å"bad† like they are or any of that other crap you see on anti-drug commercials on television. Your friends want you to be there so that they can have fun with you while on the drugs together.. It is generally true that I have had most of my drug experiences with friends and it is also true that I have made some true bonds with people while on drugs. The question I use to always ask myself is â€Å"who are my real friends and who were friends that I made simply because we were on a substance†. It is so easy to bond with someone while on drugs, especially ecstasy. On the drug ecstasy it’s possible to bond with someone while that you have never gotten along with and probably never will again. My girlfriend who I dated for about three months, while knowing that I was gay, I met through drugs. Since she and I were generally high on something at all times our relationship was completely ( what does this meanthrough) and because of drugs. I have not spoken to her for over five months and if we did speak we would probably have little interest in each other.

limitations of first amendment

The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America speaks of certain guaranteed freedoms of the citizens. Said freedoms, are of paramount importance, and having been guaranteed by the supreme law of the land, it means that intrusions into said rights can not be countenanced. The First Amendment states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. It appears that the First Amendment speaks mainly of three fundamental rights of the citizens namely, the right to freely exercise one’s religion; freedom of speech and of the press; and the right to peaceably assemble. By virtue of the Constitution, intrusions respecting said rights cannot be allowed. It bears to stress that the First Amendment serves as a reminder that the branches of the government, in exercising their powers, must not step or intrude into said guaranteed rights. However, it must be borne in mind that the freedom granted to the citizens under the First Amendment is not absolute in character. There are certain limitations to the exercise of First Amendment rights wherein reasonable intrusion by the State is permitted in order to prevent dissension among the citizens and to avoid causing undue injury. In formulating laws, the primordial concern of the lawmakers is the furtherance and protection of the interests of the public in general. Hence, the laws, most especially the Constitution, cannot be used as a shield in justifying one’s act of injuring another. As will be discussed, law and jurisprudence have laid down the guidelines in exercising the freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment. So also, the limitations as to the exercise of First Amendment rights have been affirmed as necessary in order to regulate the conduct of citizens within the State. The first right mentioned under the First Amendment is the freedom of religion. The free exercise clause proscribes the State from sponsoring a certain form of religion. The State must be impartial as regards the different forms of religion within the State.   But more importantly, this clause grants to the citizens the freedom to be respected in their choice of belief. A citizen cannot be compelled by the State to choose and to practice a certain type of religion. A citizen is free to choose his own religion and is free to do acts in accordance with his or her belief. The limitation imposed upon the free exercise clause is aptly stated by the Court in the case of Cantwell vs. Connecticut thus, Freedom of conscience and freedom to adhere to such religious organization or form of worship as the individual may choose cannot be restricted by law. On the other hand, it safeguards the free exercise of the chosen form of religion. Thus, the amendment embraces two concepts—freedom to believe and freedom to act. The first is absolute, but in the nature of things, the second cannot be (310 US 296 (1940)). Hence, it appears that while an individual is granted by the Constitution the freedom to believe and to act in accordance to one’s belief, the exercise of said right cannot be limitless. The acts of an individual must be regulated by the State, even if the same be done as a way of professing his belief, if the same is already detrimental or prejudicial the interests of the public in general. If an individual does an act which is in contravention with a prohibitive law, he cannot use his religion as a defense. Infringement of said freedom is permitted when the unreasonable exercise of said right can cause danger and harm to the public interest. Although his freedom to believe is guaranteed by the Constitution, the same law cannot permit prejudice and injustice to prevail to spring from said freedom. An individual shall not be excused from complying with a law by reason of his religious belief, especially if the object of the law is a legitimate purpose, and if the same is not an attack against religion. It must always be borne in mind that the paramount concern of our laws is to promote and serve public interest. Hence, if a certain action on the part of a citizen can be characterized as a frustration of the interest of the public in general, it cannot be considered as protected by the First Amendment. The second part of the First Amendment speaks of the freedom of speech. Under this clause, one is free to express his own views and opinions. This clause indeed strengthens the State’s belief in the concept of democracy as the opinion of citizens is given weight and importance. Under the Constitution, an individual cannot be restrained when it comes to airing out his opinions and views either orally, in print, or through other mediums of communication. It is noteworthy, however, that this right is also limited in operation in the sense that not every form or speech or communication is protected by the law. It is settled that â€Å"there are certain well-defined and narrowly limited classes of speech, the prevention and punishment of which has never been thought to raise any Constitutional problems† (Chaplinsky vs. New Hapshire, 315 US 568 (1942)). It thus appears that not every utterance enjoys the freedom granted by the First Amendment. Examples of said unprotected speeches are libel and obscenity. Libelous words and statements cannot be countenanced under the law. The First Amendment cannot be used, for instance, as a justification for violating the right of another to privacy and to be free from undue vexations. It must not be forgotten that the freedom of speech is granted in order to recognize the value of the voice and views of the citizens. There can be no value as regards speech that are damaging to other parties. As the same already inflicts injury to another person, the perpetrator is not permitted to seek shelter under the First Amendment. The same can be said about obscene publications, being in contravention and offensive to the concept of chastity and decency. It is because of the grave injury caused by said utterances to the public in general that made them fall outside the ambit of the First Amendment protection. Lastly, the First Amendment speaks of the right of the people to peaceably assemble and to petition the government for the redress of their grievances. This is a fundamental right as the citizens are not restricted from gathering themselves in order for them to air out their opinions and bring their concerns to the government. In a number of cases, it has been settled that this right is connected to the freedom of expression since assembling and petitioning the government for redress is a form of expression. Hence, it can be said that the same limits imposed on the freedom of expression clause in the First Amendment can be applied to the freedom to peaceably assemble and petition the government. In the exercise of this right, the assembly must not be tainted with any form of violence which could bring undue injury to the public. So also, in petitioning the government for redress of their grievances, the same must be for valid grounds and must not amount to seditious acts. Otherwise, the same shall fall outside the scope of the First Amendment and will not merit any protection under the law. In the last analysis, it appears that the fundamental rights of religion, speech and peaceful assembly, although guaranteed by the First Amendment, cannot be exercised without limits. Said rights, while promoting the democratic character of our nation, must necessarily be regulated in order to avoid dissension among the citizens and in order to prevent undue injury. A certain level of restriction is necessary for the purpose of making sure that the exercise of said rights is done in furtherance of the objectives of the Constitution—promote peace, order and unity in the society, and not to create conflict and injustice within the State. If said freedoms are accorded without any form of regulation, abuse cannot be avoided, and hence, the very instruments formulated to further public interest can even cause the frustration of said interests.

Walmart Essay

Alex Manco Professor McEachern English 112 30 September 2011 To the Zoning Board of Trumbull, The Wal-Mart The modern day market has taken some interesting turns with innovations such as the television, the car, and internet. While the moral values of such turns has always been in question, it is no question that every major corporation has taken efficiency to a new level. Corporations like McDonalds, GE, and Bank of America have completely dominated the market with not only their vast resources and effective marketing systems, but by people simply knowing they exist.While most of these businesses have not gotten much more powerful in past decade due to government regulation of competition, there is one business that continues to grow at a dangerous rate: Wal-Mart. It has now become apparent that its growth has reached Trumbull, Connecticut and in no way should a Wal-Mart be built in our community. It is not even a matter of the problems our town would face as much as it is a moral w rong to the world as a whole. Wal-Mart may be â€Å"legal† in our â€Å"free-market† economy, but economics are never that simple and must be treated very carefully.It would not only ruin businesses in the area, but exercise the power of corporations whose business tactics seem unstoppable to modern regulation. The Wal-Mart is not only store, but an inevitable business tactic that will decimate the economy in both the short and long term. Wal-Mart’s rise to power is interesting and uncomforting in how quickly it flourished. The first store was opened in 1962 by Sam Walton in Rogers, Arkansas. By 1970, there were 38 stores, and by 1975, there were 125. In 1983, Wal-Mart had made its eighth year in a row as Forbes Magazine’s 1# retailer.In 1985, 882 stores had already been built, and in the next 10 years would reach a stunning 1,995 stores. Currently, there are 8,970 Wal-Marts; an average of 50 a state, and this number continues to grow. The story of Wal-Ma rt is truly nothing short of business success story, but the speed of its success is slightly unnerving. So what do you think would be the result of building this Wal-Mart in town? I suppose it would open maybe around 60 jobs tops in town, but a majority of the jobs would be minimum wage jobs.Raising the employment rate of your town has nothing to do with the actual quality of the town, and that’s saying that all the people hired come from our town. Also, studies have shown that Wal-Mart generally pay their employees 25-28% less than other retail/grocery stores (Dube, Lester & Eidlin 559). Maybe teenagers will have a bit more money, but the jobs that Wal-Mart creates have little impact on the flow of money. In fact, building a Wal-Mart would only hurt the flow of money in our town. All of the surrounding businesses will not be able to compete. Retail prices typically drop by 1 to 1. % the moment a Wal-Mart opens (Dube, Lester & Eidlin 562). Local grocery stores like Poricelli ’s and Plasko’s can not be expected to compete with a business of such power. If small businesses fall to this Wal-Mart, then the unemployment rate will probably just about balance out with jobs your Wal-Mart will have created. This will destroy the peaceful, small town feel of Trumbull, and replace it with room for corporate siege. Our town would be quite different if we allowed this, but it would also support an economic movement that could tear our economy apart.One thing that must be understood in order to understand the entire threat of Wal-Mart is the causes and effects of a monopoly. The definition of a monopoly by the Merriam-Webster dictionary is, â€Å"Exclusive ownership through legal privilege, command of supply, or concerted action. † Monopolies can be held upon anything, but typically the term refers to a corporations hold on one particular industry. This was more of a problem preceding the great depression. Old corporations such as Standard Oil, U . S.Steel, and at the time GE held what is called a coercive monopoly, which is an absolute hold that can for the most part, can not be beaten without government intervention. These old corporations would dominate by not only controlling their market, but the markets of the related goods and means of production. For example, U. S. Steel would have powerful holds in the railroads so that they may transport there steel to cities free of charge. With such control, the industries were free of competition being that they had the means to set the standard for prices.Some would argue that this is good for an economy because it keeps prices at an all time low, but this typically lowers the quality of the goods they are selling as well as maintain low wages for workers being there very few places of work when one company controls it all. Nowadays, the government has precautions to prevent such dominating businessmen, but the economic order that is currently in place of the monopoly system, i s not all that better. The type of economic system the U. S. currently has is called a monopolistic competition. In order for the U.S. government to deal with monopolies, they had made it illegal to hold such power in one business. Businesses, such as standard oil, were forced to break up into many different businesses so that they may compete with each other. This keeps the market ever changing and not stagnant, allowing for more free choice in a capitalist economy. Now even though there is no â€Å"super power† of the market, there still are businesses that are significantly more powerful forces than others. This is what defines our monopolistic competition of our economy.It is an economy generally guided by larger corporations, but are not so powerful that they snuff out any smaller business below them. So while we have been able to make the â€Å"free market† as â€Å"free† as possible, there is still very much so a hierarchy. Wal-Mart sells everything cheap er than everyone. It has a hold not only over one market, but many. Therefore if factors are left unchanged, Wal-Mart would win the game of capitalism. These factors, as of now, are unchanged. First, Wal-Mart simply needs to be everywhere. With 50 Wal-Marts a state and growing, that goal has clearly been reached.Their numbers are only increasing, this way in the future, anyone can reach a Wal-Mart. This also keeps their employment up. The more jobs they give out, the more control of the standard of wages they have. It also is good for publicity. Second, they need to maintain their influence on the media, other businesses, and government. Commercials and internet make keeping up appearances in media more than easy. Same with other businesses being that they need only to market their products. Government though is trickier, but they exercised this strength of theirs fairly recently.Since 1998, a campaign of women has been trying to sue Wal-Mart for wrongful discrimination. More than 1 00 women have been trying to attack the corporation for many individual accounts of discrimination and finally made it to the Supreme Court in June 2011. Unfortunately, the court ruled in favor of Wal-Mart due to that these individual accounts have nothing to do with the corporation as a whole. This ruling shows that corporations are not held in contempt for the acts of their employees, which makes little to no sense.While this does not quite mean Wal-Mart is above the law, it still shows the type of influence they can hold in the law if need be. Although, even with this power, they can not hold absolute market control unless they maintain the lack of competition. Luckily, Wal-Mart still has competition, especially with those who find shopping their morally wrong, but this lack of competition may soon be at hand. The current debt crisis is continuing out of control, and nobody knows where it is quite going yet, but the outcome that is feared more is a depression.With a depression, m any businesses, big and small, will fall and the economy will be an empty husk. The only people who will seem unscathed in the mist of this chaos are the massive businesses, or Wal-Mart. They will have the resources to conquer an economy that has been wiped clean. Therefore, if there were on in Trumbull during such harsh times, it would be near impossible to open any new business in the area. Without new businesses, an economy is very hard to rebuild, especially on a local level.More importantly, in a time a crises, one of the last things you want is for a majority of the wealth to go to one place as history demonstrates. Having such an economic power exist in such fragile times is perhaps the most danger we have been in for decades. As you can see, it is not very difficult for Wal-Mart to become dangerous, but what does this contrast? Why it contrasts the support for small business. Small businesses create a self sustaining system for the area, rather than an area’s income b eing controlled by corporate conglomerates.The only problem with this is the system of economics. If a small business is successful, it is inevitable it becomes a big business, which could lead to another company to big for our own good. This is a cycle that must happen as a result of capitalism. If we are expected to have such a free moving economic system, we must learn to be responsible with our economy, and not allow businesses, such as Wal-Mart, to spread as rapidly as they do. This is a lesson that will be learned the hard way if a Wal-Mart is built. Wal-Mart is the product of a capitalist economy. While it is simply good usiness, is an example of the inevitability of monopolies in a free market system. Thankfully, we have regulations to hold them back, but you can not count on the government to control the market for you. People need to see this pattern and realize that you can not fall into the lock step of a consumer. Every Wal-Mart that is built just increases the risk of economic domination, and we can not contribute to this. It may be small in scale to the power they already hold, but every movement starts with a step. I hope you see the risk you take in considering this decision. Work CitedAndrew Beatie. â€Å"A History of US Monopolies. † Investopedia. November 21, 2010. http://www. investopedia. com/articles/economics/08/hammer-antitrust. asp Lila Shapiro. â€Å"Walmart: Too Big To Sue. † The Huffington Post. June 20, 2011. http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2011/06/20/walmart-too-big-to-sue_n_880930. html â€Å"History Timeline† Walmart Stores. http://walmartstores. com/aboutus/7603. aspx John D. Ramage, John C. Bean, and June Johnson. Writing Arguments: A Rhetoric With Readings. â€Å"Monopolistic Competition† Basic Economics. http://www. basiceconomics. info/monopolistic-competition. php

Middle Childhood Essay

Parents who are firm and less critical helped their children shape their unique self confidence from middle childhood to adulthood. If asked what was the best yeas in your life span you may consider those times when you were mischievous in your childhood days. It may even take you back to the adolescent days when you were in junior high and you thought that you had all friends and was in the best groups in school. These are just some of the areas that you may consider. In this paper we will review the time between middle childhood to adolescence touching on the effects of functional and dysfunctional family dynamics on development look at the positive and negative impact of peers and changes in peer relations from middle childhood to adolescence. Examine additional pressures faced in adolescence compared to middle childhood and discuss the development of moral values from middle childhood into adolescence. Functional and Dysfunction  In my evaluation of the effect of a functional and dysfunctional family dynamics and development it is recognized the effects family and chosen role models have is fundamental to individual development. Dysfunctional or psychologically unhealthy families inherit or develop negative roles or defense mechanisms where people are trapped in. These are demonstrated at times when under pressure or a crisis situation where our defense mechanisms become effective. At the same time functional or healthy families that foster positive development where trust, love and honest, open relationships thrive. Dysfunctional families produce insecurities and normal development may not happen and at times be stopped. Members of the family commonly one or more will have some problem that affects the rest of the family. Things like abuse, neglect, alcohol are some of the disorders. In most families there are some that are healthy people that compensate for the falling of the people around them and make their lives better or functional. Peer Relations The positive and negative impact of peers and changes in peer relations from middle childhood to adolescence has an influence on children. Attention has focused considerably on peer relationships and friendships from childhood and adolescence. Experiences with children’s peers are critical in the development of adaptive and adaptive behaviors throughout child hood and adolescence. Disturbances in peer relationships are common reasons for referrals to children’s mental health clinics (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1981). Because of the developmental impact of the children, peer difficulties are assessed and addressed the more opportunity there is to set troubled children on the right track. The different tests approaches give different results on the children’s peer relations and sociability. In their early adolescence, children will be reluctance to be observed, especially in school room settings. Several researchers have relied on structured laboratory tasks for observing adolescents (e. g. Connolly & McNelles, 1995; Dishion, Andrews, & Crosby, 1995). In the end the final analysis will provided the fullest picture of children’s social well being and direction for understanding positive peer relations. Additional Pressures The additional pressures that are faced in adolescences compared to middle childhood are pretty similar. There are pressures that can influences teens as well as children’s dress, the music they listen to and their behavior. As teen the behaviors are things like drugs, cigarettes, and sex. A lot of satiations come from cliques of friends that are the same age. It can start in early childhood with kids getting other kids to do what they want to do. Then as they go though the preteen and teen years pressures intensify. Once in middle and high school adolescents deal with peer pressure regularly. It said this how they learn to get along with others of their own age group and become independent. Most adolescence gives in to peer pressure so they can be liked or fit in to certain groups. This is so they won’t be made fun of for not getting with the rest of the kids in the group. There are times that the kids get involved because they want do something different that everyone else may be doing. This is somewhat common with childhood children but at this age if they get bored with it they will walk away from those situations and do something diffent. Moral Values The development of moral values from middle childhood into adolescence can be a changellage. In the middle childhood stage the children are told that there are rules and they have to be followed and because of that the children follow the rules. When it comes to adolescences they explain that rules are to be followed this way everyone will play the game demonstration that as their moral development occurs and children began to know the greater of good. When we are young we follow the rules to avoid the consequences, but as older kids they want to know what is in it for me mentality, and then only do what is needed to be able to get something from it. Experts differ in their own opinion as to how moral compass is developed, but all agree that it’s an important rite as children grow, evolve and take their place as a member of society. Conclusion In conclusion we review the changes that occur during middle child hood and adolescence concerning family and peer relationships, and how they might influence future development. Parents have the ability to be warm and responsive and at the same time be firm and provide consistent supervision. Being accepted is one of the biggest elements in a parent-child relationship. Giving praise being involved and showing concern all play a part in a Childs self-esteem and social adjustment. Parents need to encourage their children by soliciting their opinion or self encouraging self expression. A child needs support and encouragement and parents need to understand that, as well as rules and expectations.

Instructional planning Essay

Introduction Proper planning is a core prerequisite to an effective instruction process. Teaching disabled persons poses great challenges to instructors and calls for the careful planning of a lesson so that it may meet the needs of the learners. Disabled persons have special needs occasioned by hearing impairment, vision impairment; nervous problems as well as physical movement problems, therefore any good lesson plan must make sure that children with special needs receive as much gains from the learning process as their regular students. The learning process is very important; there is a need to avail services and facilities such as walking chairs for the physically disabled, hearing devices for the hearing impairment and any other necessary facilities. Another necessary adoption teachers can make to lesson plans to make them more responsive to the needs of the disabled includes the use of technologically mediated communication through computers to aid the learning process. In all adjustments to suit lessons to the special needs of learners, cognitive needs, psychomotor needs and the affective needs of the learner must be borne in mind. From both lesson 1 and 3 it is very clear that the lesson plan is only effective for a regular class. Notably the action verbs used for the objectives such as ‘by the end of the lesson learners should learn the colors’ is biased because the students are supposed to learn by sight or observation. When the teacher uses pictures as a resource material in the lesson, it implies that only the students with visual ability can benefit. The lesson can be adjusted to cater for the disabled and especially the visually impaired by deemphasizing the color aspect of the pictures and concentrating on shapes and texture which can effectively guide a disabled student to meet the lesson objectives. Another objective in lesson 1 and 3 requires the student to participate in physical activity. This again favors the students who are physically normal but it portends a challenge to the physically disabled to which physical activity may be a barrier to the learning process. The lessons can be adapted to suit the disabled students by only choosing the physical activities that the disabled can participate in or availing the necessary equipment to aid the physical activities. The lesson plans involve a lot of drawing and writing activities something that may be a barrier and a challenge at the same time to the physically disabled. Some students are not able to draw or write while others may not be able to even hold a pencil or crayon. Further, the lesson activities involve the use of music that is again insensitive to the hearing impaired. To make the lesson fully useful to the disabled students, the lesson plans should incorporate only special types of music which is responsive to the needs of the hearing impaired. The other key instrument to the lesson involves use of Braille or special computers, use of special needs expert to assist in the lessons as well as the strict use of materials that are responsive to the needs of the disabled learners. The other adaptation of teachers or disabled children is to involve a lot of games in the lesson plans activities. The games can help children to discover their ability to serve in spite of their challenges (Basil, & Reys, 2003). As a principle, every lesson plan should be a fit-all type of lesson plan to cater for different disabilities of the disabled students. Conclusion For a lesson plan to be effective, it has to bear in mind the cognitive, affective and psychomotor needs of disabled students. There is a need for teachers to design lesson plans factoring in the special needs of the disabled students so as to give such an equal opportunity as their regular counterparts. Only making changes to the lesson plan to reflect the needs of disabled learners can help teachers achieve learning objectives. References Basil, C. & Reys, S. (2003). Acquisition of literacy skills by children with severe disability. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, vol. 19, no. 1.

Sound and visual media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sound and visual media - Essay Example Other architectural configurations in arena stages allow for podiums with lifting and dropping abilities. In such cases, the audience often rests on temporary seats that facilitate more flexibility. This configuration allows performers to understand the conditions their viewers are in while performing. Engaging the audience based on these conditions makes the performance better (Condee 9). Better detail and expressiveness is necessary for all production factors (Collins and Kapralos). Even though the audience configuration in an arena stage is raised above the stage, their scenery is often limited to cover optimum lines of sight for viewers on all sides. This condition is different for viewers in a Proscenium Arch Stage whose lines of sight are level before a raised platform. Arena theatres often lack a fly system apart from possibly lighting purposes (Hischak 147). The requirement of giving equal lines of sight for all viewers puts distinct limits on the kind of scenery used and on the activities of the performers. This is because, certain audiences in an arena stage will inevitably be seeing an actor’s back at all times. This configuration allows for good recording and production of sound from real sources. However, certain sounds appear false when produced electronically in an arena theatre. As a result, a surrounding architectural configuration for audience s in an arena call for the building of mechanical instruments that mimic sounds like thunder and rain. Architectural configurations carve up an understanding of the conditions audiences are in through sound reflection (Hischak 147). Sound reflection rare occurs in isolation since sound usually finds a surface on its path where refection is takes place. Knowing the arrangement of audience seats in a theatre is imperative for making predictions of the behavior of sound within that theatre. All surfaces echo and absorb sound to some

The Technology Effects in Human Life Research Paper

The Technology Effects in Human Life - Research Paper Example The paper will focus on the impact of technology to the lives of humans. Technology has transformed the manner in which people perform their function; this has had both positive and negative impact to their lives. According to Hall (2007) has enhanced the manner in which student’s access information. The concept also has enabled the teacher- student interaction. Software development has enhanced tolls that accommodate different curriculum integrated. The technology has enhanced e-learning in that people are able to work and study at the same time. This has in essence enhanced access to information. Different search engines have made information available to different technological users. People can access information regardless of their age or financial status. The internet has increased the literacy levels of individuals by relaying information to direct users at different time. The ability of the tool to accommodate a higher number of individuals at a given period has reduced the connections within schools and other higher learning institution. Technology interacts with different age groups hence ensuring convincing to both young and old. Information seeking has been a tool utilized by different parties in designing their models and technology has enabled the part access this information. Technology has enhanced the manner in which people interact with the household spaces. The televisions, radios and mobile phones have been an effective tool as far as entertainment is concern. These tools have reduced boredom. The interactions with these gargets have reduced the need for human interaction. Technology has enhanced the manner in which people carry out their daily chores. Vacuum cleaners, dishwashers, drycleaner have enhanced the need for human labor in performing duties. This has reduced the amount spend by households in hiring helps. Technology has enhanced multitasking among individuals. People can

Enterprise and Business Development Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Enterprise and Business Development - Term Paper Example Target Market Be in one of the most highly rated industries for stability and success, Laundry services offers an opportunity to everyone who wants to earn a high return. It is the advantage is that laundry services can be located everywhere. It is possible to build brand new laundry services. Being a laundry service is probably the most overlooked fashion-related career. They should maintain a friendly, fair, and creative work environment, which respects diversity, ideas, and hard work. However, more than ever, people need laundry services, including the rich and famous or simple people who simply need to look their best in their favorite outfit. Whether the clients own expensive designer garments or whether it’s just simple cloths people trust their laundry services to remove spots, repair hems and make sure those garments looking their best (Boone, Kurtz, 1992).  Ã‚  Ã‚   The bargaining power of customers is great.   The range of services is standardized, but on the other hand laundry services is the key industry in its group which secure it from a decrease in services. Laundry services target three main groups of customers: individuals, public sector and private sector companies (hospitals, beauty salons, universities, hotels, etc). For attracting new customers Laundry service can open an advertising campaign. Primarily, it will be orie nted on the following groups of new customers: pensioners from the southern part of the city, families with children aged 5-12 years, students. Laundry service is an expert in apparel and fabric cleaning and caring that utilizes the latest solvents, technologies, and equipment to prolong the life of a piece of clothing or household item. Laundry services marketing challenge is to position service offerings as the high quality, high value-add alternative. Opportunities for Laundry service are evident. It is simple and economical. While the idea of Laundry services is not a new revelation, Laundry service provides a simple and economical means to start own business. Laundry service is one of the most needed cleaning businesses in the market today.